Mozzies get their wings clipped in spreading Zika virus

Zika virus caused more than 4000 cases of serious birth defects in 2015 and is still a risk to millions of people.

Detailed in a paper published today in PNAS, the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were engineered by the university and tested by CSIRO in partnership with other research organizations.

“Our study found the mosquitoes with an anti-Zika gene were unable to pick up Zika when they fed, so they were incapable of spreading the virus to anybody else,” CSIRO Senior Research Scientist and paper co-author Dr Prasad Paradkar said.

“With further investigation, this mosquito could potentially one day be used to replace populations of wild Aedes aegypti, adding to the arsenal of control strategies against this mosquito to halt the virus’ spread around the world.”

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes normally pick up the Zika virus when they feed on the blood of an infected person, and can then spread the virus to the next person they feed on.

The study focused on a synthetic anti-Zika gene (anti-ZIKV), which was injected into mosquito embryos along with a red-eye gene to differentiate them from normal mosquitoes. Once the mosquitoes were adults, the anti-Zika gene prevented them from picking up the virus when they fed.

Dr Paradkar said while Zika has spread to 86 countries, it is not currently present in Australia – but the biggest transmitter of the virus, the invasive Aedes aegypti mosquito, is established in northern Queensland and the Torres Strait.

“People in 86 countries across Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific are at risk of Zika. Infection during pregnancy can cause life-threatening complications to a fetus or newborn baby, including birth defects such as microcephaly,” Dr Paradkar said.

“With increased globalization and international travel, the virus is capable of making it to Australian shores someday – so we’re collaborating with international partners to find innovative ways to reduce the risk both to Australians and to people around the world.”

The mosquitoes were tested in the quarantined insectary at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory in Geelong, CSIRO’s national biocontainment facility designed to allow scientific research into the most dangerous infectious agents in the world.

The study builds on CSIRO’s history of work against mosquito-borne diseases, including an Aedes aegypti suppression trial in Innisfail last year, alongside years of work developing risk assessment frameworks around mosquito studies now used by the World Health Organization.